The Myth of Dominance

Why Outdated Dog Training Methods Can Do More Harm Than Good

For decades, many dog owners have been led to believe that they must establish dominance over their dogs to maintain control and obedience. You may have heard advice like "be the alpha" or "show your dog who's boss." But where does this idea come from, and is it really the best way to train your dog?

The Roots of the Dominance Myth

The dominance theory in dog training stems from outdated studies on captive wolves. These studies suggested that wolf packs have rigid hierarchies, with an "alpha" at the top controlling the rest through force. This idea was then mistakenly applied to domestic dogs. However, modern research has debunked these early findings. In the wild, wolf packs function more like families, with parents guiding their offspring rather than ruling through aggression.

Dogs, unlike wolves, have evolved alongside humans for thousands of years. They are not pack animals in the same way wolves are, and they do not spend their lives competing for dominance. Instead, they form social bonds based on cooperation, trust, and clear communication.

The Dangers of Rank Reduction Techniques

Training methods based on dominance can have serious negative consequences for both dogs and their owners. Some commonly used rank reduction techniques include:

Alpha Rolls – Forcing a dog onto its back in a submissive position. This can cause fear and confusion, leading to defensive aggression.

Withholding Comfort – Preventing a dog from sleeping on furniture or eating before their owner in an attempt to establish a hierarchy.

Physical Corrections – Using harsh methods like leash jerks or pinning a dog down to "assert authority."

Rather than teaching a dog how to behave, these techniques often lead to fear, anxiety, and even aggression. In some cases, dogs subjected to these methods become withdrawn or develop learned helplessness, where they stop responding altogether due to repeated negative experiences.

What Works Instead?

The good news is that science has provided us with much more effective, humane alternatives. Here are some key principles of modern dog training:

Positive Reinforcement – Rewarding good behaviour with treats, praise, or play increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated.

Clear Communication – Teaching dogs what is expected of them using consistent cues and rewards, rather than punishment.

Understanding Canine Behaviour – Recognising that unwanted behaviours often stem from fear, anxiety, or lack of training rather than a desire to be dominant.

Building a Relationship of Trust – A well-behaved dog is one that feels secure and confident in their environment, not one that has been forced into submission.

A Better Future for Dogs and Their Owners

Thankfully, awareness is growing about the dangers of dominance-based training, and more dog owners are turning to science-backed, reward-based methods. If you’re struggling with your dog’s behaviour, working with a qualified, force-free trainer can help you build a strong and trusting bond with your pet.

Remember, dogs are not trying to take over your household—they just need guidance, consistency, and kindness. By moving away from outdated dominance myths, we can create happier, healthier relationships with our four-legged friends.

Photo by Ayla Verschueren on Unsplash